Registering a private limited company (PLC) in India remains the preferred route for entrepreneurs and startups seeking limited liability, credibility, and growth potential. The Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) has digitized and streamlined the process, making it efficient and transparent. Here’s a step-by-step guide to registering your private limited company in India as per the latest 2025 procedures.
Key Features of a Private Limited Company
- Separate legal entity status
- Limited liability protection for shareholders
- Easy capital raising and transferability of shares (with restrictions)
- Enhanced credibility with banks and investors
Step-by-Step Registration Process
1. Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
All proposed directors and shareholders must obtain a DSC from government-approved certifying authorities. This is essential for digitally signing the registration documents.
2. Acquire Director Identification Number (DIN)
Each director must have a DIN, which can be applied for within the SPICe+ form or separately via Form DIR-3 on the MCA portal.
3. Reserve Company Name
Use the RUN (Reserve Unique Name) service or SPICe+ Part A on the MCA portal to submit up to two name options. The name must be unique and not infringe on existing trademarks or company names.
4. Prepare Incorporation Documents
Draft the Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA), which define the company’s objectives and internal rules. Collect identity, address, and office proof documents for all directors, shareholders, and the registered office.
5. File SPICe+ Form (INC-32) and Attachments
The SPICe+ form integrates:
- Name reservation
- Incorporation application
- DIN allotment
- PAN & TAN application
- GST, EPFO, ESIC, and bank account registration (optional)
Attach all supporting documents, including MOA (INC-33), AOA (INC-34), and registered office proof.
6. Certificate of Incorporation (COI)
Upon successful verification, the Registrar of Companies (ROC) issues a digital Certificate of Incorporation, along with the Corporate Identity Number (CIN), PAN, and TAN. These will be sent via email.
7. Open a Bank Account
Use the COI, PAN, and board resolution to open a current account in the company’s name.
Documents Required
For Directors/Shareholders:
- PAN Card (mandatory for Indian nationals)
- Passport (for foreign nationals)
- Aadhaar/Driving License/Voter ID
- Recent address proof (bank statement, utility bill)
- Passport-size photograph
- Digital Signature Certificate (DSC)
For Registered Office:
- Recent utility bill or property tax receipt
- Rent agreement (if rented)
- NOC from the property owner
Timeline and Costs
- Timeline: 7–10 working days, provided documents are in order.
- Government Fees: ₹1,500–₹10,000 (varies by authorized capital)
- DSC per person: ₹1,000–₹2,000
- Professional fees: ₹5,000–₹45,000
- Stamp duty: Varies by state
Post-Incorporation Compliance
- Open a bank account and deposit initial capital
- Issue share certificates within 60 days
- Maintain statutory registers and board minutes
- Appoint an auditor within 30 days
- File annual returns, GST, TDS, and income tax as applicable
Special Notes for 2025
- The entire process is online via the MCA portal.
- At least one director must be an Indian resident.
- Foreign nationals can own 100% shares, subject to FEMA and FDI regulations.
- Apostilled/notarized documents required for foreign nationals.
Registering a private limited company in India is now a streamlined, digital-first process that empowers entrepreneurs to launch and scale their businesses with legal credibility and operational ease. By following these steps and ensuring all documents are accurate, you can complete your registration efficiently and focus on growing your venture.